martes, 20 de diciembre de 2011

A double standard or beyond ethics?

Why right and wrong exists? To whom are ethics applied?

Easy: morals exists to avoid suffering, unpleasant situations. No one wants to feel bad or uneasy, so what make us feel that way is wrong. That's why human beings invented ethics, so we won't be harming each other all the time in our way to get what we want, using our judgement to decide how we can prevent that. As animals don't have moral sense or cannot make a judgment, morals and ethics do not apply to them; that's why some people say that animals don't have rights. The definition of what is suffering is also subjective to each individual; a few people actually like pain, so pain is not suffering for them; others don't tolerate lactose, so eating ice cream is suffering. This being said, we can conclude that ethical principles and moral are only applicable to humans and are relative to culture. That makes me question: why are we always trying to use our moral on God? 

God is a perfect, almighty being; obviously, superior to us. We are superior to animals and cannot apply our ethics to them, but we can treat them as it happened just to be good persons, because we know better. The same way, the moral standards and ethical principles of God cannot apply to us. The apparent exceptions to the Mosaic Law shown in the Old Testament and the ones Jesus did can't be examined with human standards. E.g, when God told Abraham to kill his beloved son Isaac. "God, who's perfect and good, cannot order the killing of someone", might say some people. In fact, He can. First, He created humankind and thus has the right to do whatever He wants (Romans 9:19-24). Second, His divine disposition does not change, so He knew that Isaac wasn't going to die; it is impossible for us to foresee things, but God knows the beginning and the end undoubtedly. That special attribute comes with certain changes in ethics: you can do things that might seem wrong, but if you know for sure the outcome will be a good thing and nothing bad actually won't happen, so it is not bad at all. And third, someone for whom death is not a problem because can be undone, certainly has a different way to see life.


The categorical imperative of God

Kant speculated about the idea that morality could be "summed up in one ultimate commandment of reason, or imperative, from which all duties and obligations derive". He called that categorical imperative, "an absolute, unconditional requirement that asserts its authority in all circumstances, both required and justified as an end in itself". Although Kant rambled intending to expose something different, I think there is no better definition that "categorical imperative" for the utmost principle of God's Law: love. Love is the base and foundation of the Mosaic Law, as is stated in Matthew 22:36-40 (note He said "hang" as in everything else depends on or comes from it):

“Teacher, which is the greatest commandment in the Law?”

Jesus replied: “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind.’ This is the first and greatest commandment. And the second is like it: ‘Love your neighbor as yourself.’All the Law and the Prophets hang on these two commandments.” NIV

Besides, there is something most people --who don't understand the Scriptures or have never read the Bible-- often overlook: the higher ethical principle of God, love. In the Bible there are plenty of passages about that, but the most notorious is the one that says "God is love" (1 John 4:8). We are similar to God, therefore we can understand and feel love, and act according to that. E.g, if you tell a lie to a robber to safe someone else's life --let's say, your daughter--, it doesn't mean you should go to pray and repent 'cause of your transgression of the commandment, just because you broke it in order to safe a life. There was simply no transgression whatsoever as you did it accomplishing the foundation of that commandment: love for a life. Some say that you can tell the lie, and then repent. Think: if you told the lie knowingly and willingly, it'd become a deliberate sin and thus with no forgiveness (Hebrews 10:26-27). 


Jesus' suicide

Suicide is sin because you will be killing yourself or willingly letting yourself be killed by something (a car, train...), and killing is bad, it's forbidden. But Jesus willingly let Himself be killed, He committed suicide, but... He did it for love towards us, so by doing it He was being faithful to the utmost principle and foundation of the Law, not a part of it that forbids to kill (1 Corinthians 13). That's also why He contradicted the experts on the Law when they seemed to be right. He himself made a distinction between what's right and wrong from what's good and bad in Matthew 12:1-12.

About Abraham, as somebody else stated, the purpose of God here seems to teach us that the love of Abraham towards God was so big he didn't even withhold his own son, and his faith was so great he knew God would keep His promise of giving him a son, that God would raise Isaac from death if necessary to keep it. It is also a preamble of what was coming: how God's love for humankind made Him sacrifice His only son.


Conclusion

Anyone who acts by perfected love and for love does not do wrong. God's commandments are just to show us how it would be like to do it (Romans 7:7).
Love is patient, love is kind. It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud. It does not dishonor others, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, it keeps no record of wrongs. Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth. It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, always perseveres.
1 Corinthians 13:4-7 NIV

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